Ship docked in Livorno: Cruise port ran a roundtrip shuttle bus for 5 euros/person to downtown Livorno. From there, we took a bus(purchased bus ticket at local newstand)to the train station (purchased ticket at train station) where we boarded a train to Florence. From the train station, we walked to the Duomo, Academie, Piazza della Signoria, and Ponte Vechhio. After spending a few hours in Florence, we took a train to Pisa. We then walked to the Field of Miracles where the Leaning Tower of Pisa was and then took a train back to Livorno. This trip took 9-10 hours from leaving the ship in the morning until getting back to the ship. One tip: be sure to validate your bus ticket once on the bus, and validate your train ticket before boarding the train.
Cruise port ran a roundtrip shuttle bus to the Old Town for 8 euros/person or 10 USD/person. We bought a ticket to walk the wall around the city for 70 Kunas/person (Kunas or credit card accepted). The wall walk is not for everyone as there are quite a few stair cases and over 1 mile in length. Spectacular views from top of wall overlooking the Old Town and the harbor and the Adriatic Sea.
Able to walk from Cruise Ship to port entrance. Took a bus to the main train station (daily bus pass tickets purchased at newstand outside of port entrance), (purchased ticket at train station)boarded a train to Pompeii, visited the ruins at Pompeii (short walk from Pompeii train station)for 4-5 hours and still did not see everything. One tip: be sure to validate your bus ticket once on the bus, and validate your train ticket before boarding the train.
Ship docked at Civitavecchia; took free shuttle bus from ship to cruise port entrance, walked to train station from Civitavecchia port entrance, took train into Rome (purchased roundtrip BIRG ticket which includes the metro and buses in Rome) getting off at San Pietro Train Station, walking to and visiting St Peter's Basilica, took metro to Spanish Steps, walked to Trevi Fountain, the Pantheon, Piazza Navona, the Forum, the Colliseum, took metro to Termini, the main train station to board train back to Civitavecchia. This trip took 9-10 hours from the time we left the ship until we got back to the ship. One tip: be sure to validate your bus ticket once on the bus, and validate your train ticket before boarding the train.
Ship docked at Messina (Messina was not in list provided to select as port): Easy to walk to the various sites (such as Christo Re, Neptune Fountain, Piazza Duomo), watched the Bell Tower at the Duomo perform at noon (lion roars, rooster crows, bell chimes, statues move to "Ave Maria").